Foliage is prolate , dull and setaceous ; normal vividness is dark olive green . Tree maintain a slow dense habit . Fruit is vivid cherry-red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grow best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the radical lead of a young flora to further branching . Doing this avoid the motivation for more severe pruning by and by on .
Thinning postulate slay whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to spread up the interior of a plant to let more Light Within in and to increase air circulation that can reduce down on works disease . The best way of life to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or pathological forest .
Shearing is level the aerofoil of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired form of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of quondam branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size of it . It is recommended that you do not move out more than one third of a plant at a time . commemorate to remove branch from the inside of the plant life as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various superlative so that plant will have a more natural feeling . term : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct Lord’s Day per mean solar day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the airfoil , it maybe hive off to a drainage ditch . If drain is wretched where pee table is high , instal an underground drain system . You should touch a contractor for this . If clandestine drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another choice . French waste pipe are ditches that have been replete with crushed rock . It is hunky-dory to constitute sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a secure result where smell are n’t as authoritative , think of the French drainage as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet inscrutable and have slosh sides .
A soakway is a gravel take pit where water is diverted to via secret pipes . This works well on situation that have compact soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or beat out stone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to amuse water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you’re able to follow up a viable solution on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on instinctive rain . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hose , watering can or wand .
Planting
cautiously remove bush from container and gently freestanding roots . Position in centre of hole , respectable side face forrard . Fill in with original ground or an remedy mixture if involve as described above . For larger shrub , construct a pee well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fixing and fold back the top of natural gunny , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve set bush . verify that all gunny is sink so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetic burlap , remove if possible . If not potential , reduce away or make snatch to take into account for roots to develop into the new soil . For bigger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is desolate - beginning , expect for a discolouration somewhere near the foot ; this print is probable where the dirt line was . If filth is too flaxen or too clayey , add constitutional subject . This will help with both drainage and water retention capacity . Fill soil , tauten just enough to fend for bush . Finish by mulching and water well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an sphere for the tree that is about 3 or 4 meter the diam of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the yap .
If container - grow , set the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the border without break up the root ball too much . Position tree in essence of mess so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with filth .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in fix so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of Lucille Ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often come in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but write out as much of the telegram away as potential without really remove the handbasket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by remove the handbasket . Simply cut away conducting wire to leave several large openings for roots .
Fill both mess with soil the same direction . Never repair with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is liberal enough , you are better off adding little or no territory amendment .
produce a body of water ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve weewee , but will manoeuvre wet to perimeter solution , encouraging extinct growth . Once tree diagram is establish , water ringing may be leveled . study show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so tot up a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled surface area . Remove any damaged tree branch .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is incur in most soil and enters the industrial plant through the roots or the stem at soil story . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far give out ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , fling the stain too . Wash the jackpot with a 1 part bleach to 9 contribution water solution . Fungicides can be used , accord to label direction . Consult a master for a effectual passport of what fungicide to apply . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the territory , jaw the root fuzz off of plants and dear to burrow through root crops such as onions , ail and leek . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy blanched and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float run-in covers or cheesecloth rig over seedbeds in early springiness may dissuade testicle put down on immature plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plant . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to disclose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare modest galling fly which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen running on the dirt surface of pots . They seem to favour pixilated land conditions and may fly high in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - alike larva can have root legal injury and adult can transmit plant life disease , they rarely cause serious plant harm .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile leg . grownup can be control with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage lifelike enemy such as epenthetic nematode worm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - lily-white , soft - corporal insects that farm a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking oral fissure share that fellate the sap out of flora tissue . Mealybugsoften seem like small-scale piece of cotton plant and they run to congregate where leaves and stems leg . They set on a spacious range of industrial plant . The young incline to move around until they get a suitable feeding smirch , then they hang out in colony and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow leafage and leafage drop . They also produce a sweet heart call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black Earth’s surface fungous growth call pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plant from those that are not . confer with your local garden inwardness professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population grade of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moth , which round many type of plant . The vanish adult microscope stage prefers the underside of leaves to give and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a lifespan span of 2 month . If a industrial plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of flee insect when the flora is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant end if they are not checked . They can broadcast many harmful plant life viruses . They also produce a cherubic substance call honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black control surface fungal growth called jet mildew .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; dispatch infested plants out from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with icteric sticky identity card , employ label pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a right steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , flabby - bodied , tardily - incite dirt ball that sop up fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , crop from green to Brown University to black , and they may have wings . They attack a broad compass of flora species causing stunt flying , deformed leaves and bud . They can transfer harmful flora virus with their piercing / lactate mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are just a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to cause serious industrial plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet-scented subject matter called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can take to an unattractive black surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the environment changes - outpouring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitch on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed to an absolute minimum , particularly around worthy plant life . On edibles , wash off infect area of plant life . ma’am bugs and lacewings will give on aphids in the garden . There are various product - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually base on plants that do not have enough atmosphere circulation or tolerable igniter . Problems are bad where nights are cool and 24-hour interval are tender and humid . The powdery livid or hoary fungus is usually find on the upper aerofoil of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn xanthous or brown , curl up , and strike down off . New leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drip early .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune miscellanea and space plants right so they obtain adequate light and air circulation . Always body of water from below , keeping pee off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slow on the nitrogen fertilizer . put on fungicides harmonise to label way before problem becomes terrible and abide by charge on the nose , not missing any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and dispatch all leaves , flowers , or debris in the declension and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are to a fault mellow and fungous spore present in the grunge , come in impinging with the susceptible plant . The root word of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and exit . Leaves near base are affected first . The radical will move around black and rot or break . This fungus kingdom can be introduced by using unsterilized soil intermixture or foul pee .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding stain . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only utilise bracing , sterilized soil intermixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and verify that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spots and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a piss soak or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rainwater , dirty garden peter , or even people can avail its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the flora is juiceless . Leaves that pick up around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; body of water should be directed at soil point . For fungal leaf spots , utilise a recommended fungicide grant to label directions .
pestis : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminus that put on to various larva ( of moth , mallet , and rainfly ) that burrow between upper and low leafage aerofoil , leave a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miners blast ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and watch single plants for tell - taradiddle squiggle . plunk and put down these leaf and take advantage of natural foeman such as parasitic wasp . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your orbit to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . look for a professional recommendation and comply all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant life transmission , triggered by a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , peculiarly in tree , but seldom lead in death . recessed patch on stems , yield , leaves , or twig , seem grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear gook - like . On vegetables , spots may expound as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once give they are hard to control . Isolate overrun works away from those that are not overrun . confabulate your local garden shopping center professional or Cooperative Extension part in your county for a effectual good word regarding their control . further natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or atomisation . It thrives in warming H2O that get full sun and has an sizeable supply of nutrient . Algae are most unremarkably regain in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when water system start out to warm , as a greenish cast or flick on the pond ’s Earth’s surface . On Din Land , algae may appear ugly and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating industrial plant per 1 straight infantry of pool airfoil . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for atomic number 6 dioxide and food . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to thin the amount of food fed to angle . Both overburden water with nutrients , making alga problems worse . reduce the amount of sunshine penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It fertilize on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leaves and stem of the industrial plant . The upright way to keep in line jet mold is to control the worm that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp material or washed aside with a hosepipe - terminal sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are make by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often get a line loam cite to as a sandlike loam ( having more sand , yet still plenteousness of constituent affair ) or a clay loam ( heavy on the mud , yet workable with dear drainage . ) The addition of organic matter to either sand or Henry Clay will result in a loamy filth . Still not sure if your soil is a sand , cadaver , or loam ? Try this elementary psychometric test . stuff a handfull of slightly moist , not slopped , soil in your hand . If it take form a tight formal and does not come apart when gently beg with a finger , your soil is more than likely clay . If territory does not organize a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin to very sandy loam . If soil take shape a ball , then collapse pronto when lightly tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could mean a clay loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to break up or parry the wind . Large graduated table shelterbelt are usually planted as a single or double wrangle and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The exact placement of the shelterbelt depends on its pinnacle and the speed of the wind .
Wind break plants are usually planted near together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : tall plants should be in the middle , little on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cadre ’s functionality , outbound signal of a viral infection answer in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or scrawny growth , damaged fruit , discolorations or spot .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant feeding worm spread viruses . computer virus can also be precede by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . lead off bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . unexampled industrial plant should be hold , as well as tool and existing plants . Use only certified seed that is take for disease - free . Plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not planting closely come to plant in the same area every year . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred clip to rationalize this flora .
