Foliage is elliptic , dull and spiny ; normal color is olive green . Trees maintain a stocky shape . Fruit is vivid reddened orange tree . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the seacoast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the sexuality before found . This holly grow best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the indigence for more severe pruning afterwards on .
Thinning involves removing whole outgrowth back to the body . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The well fashion to begin cutting is to start by removing dead or pathological wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using hand or galvanic shears . This is done to exert the desired human body of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old arm or the overall diminution of the sizing of a bush to restitute its original pattern and size of it . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to transfer branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When regenerate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as pic to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the aerofoil , it perchance diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is inadequate where water table is high-pitched , set up an surreptitious drain organization . You should touch a declarer for this . If underground drains already exist , train to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . Gallic drain are ditches that have been filled with crushed rock . It is ok to plant greensward on top of them . More obtrusive , but a skilful result where look are n’t as important , call up of the Gallic drain as a ditch fill up with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet recondite and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled quarry where water is divert to via clandestine tube . This works well on site that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sod or seed .
Keep in judgment that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable result on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sound like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the land allows excess wet to drain away . Most industrial plant like about 1 inch of water per week . remedy your soil with compost will help improve grain and water holding or drain capability . A 3 inch bed of mulch will help to maintain soil wet and study have shown that mulched plants produce quicker than non - mulched industrial plant .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the etymon around the edge without wear up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the good side face onward . You are quick to begin fill up in with territory .
If found a balled and burlaped tree , position it in cakehole so that the good side face up onwards . loosen or remove nails from gunny at top of ball and draw gunny back , so it does not cohere out of hollow when soil is replaced . semisynthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like instinctive burlap . Larger trees often get in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b industrial plant , but cut as much of the wire off as possible without actually take away the basket . probability are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the hoop . just cut away conducting wire to allow for several large openings for roots .
take both hole with soil the same means . Never remediate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your territory is loose enough , you are well off bring little or no soil amendments .
make a weewee ring around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging out ontogenesis . Once tree is established , water system ring may be dismantle . field show that mulched tree grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . slay any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the roots or the stem at grunge level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the soil too . dampen the lot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts H2O solution . antifungal agent can be used , according to label directions . confer with a professional for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the dirt , chew the root hairs off of plant life and passion to tunnel through beginning harvest such as onions , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - maneuver . Adults are coloured hoary fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float rowing covers or cheesecloth prepare over seedbeds in early springiness may deter egg pose on young plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will feed on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to discover and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small bothersome fly front which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be see running on the soil surface of wad . They seem to favour soused territory conditions and may thrive in admixture turn back hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - like larva can cause root damage and adults can channelize plant disease , they seldom make severe flora terms .
potential controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : utilisation judge insecticidal drenches against the juvenile microscope stage . Adults can be controlled with recommend insecticide , as well . Encourage natural opposition such as bloodsucking nematode worm in the garden . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - livid , soft - corporate insects that produce a waxy powdery comprehend . They have piercing / blow mouth parts that sop up the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften calculate like diminished piece of music of cotton and they tend to congregate where leafage and stems branch . They attack a extensive range of plants . The immature tend to move around until they find a suitable eating spot , then they string up out in Colony and feed . mealybug can subvert a plant take to yellow foliage and leaf drib . They also produce a unfermented substance called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can run to an untempting ignominious control surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . promote natural enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to help reduce universe layer of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged worm that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plant . The fell grownup stage prefers the underside of leaves to fertilize and stock . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 nut in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of flee louse when the works is disturbed . Whiteflies can step down a flora , finally leading to constitute last if they are not checked . They can communicate many harmful plant viruses . They also make a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black aerofoil fungal growth called jet mould .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; off infested plants away from non - infested plants ; apply a contemplative mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with chicken sticky calling card , practice label pesticide ; further natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a in force firm shower of water will wash them off the flora . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - embodied , slow - moving insect that take up fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , range from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide of the mark range of a function of plant species causing aerobatics , deform leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful industrial plant virus with their piercing / suck in mouthpart . Aphids , in general , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to get serious works damage . However aphids do create a gratifying substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can chair to an unattractive black airfoil growth call jet mold .
Aphids can increase cursorily in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 unrecorded nymph in the course of a calendar month without union . Aphids often look when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches give on succulent tissue . Aphids are draw to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plant life . On edibles , wash off infected area of works . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to manipulate aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label operation to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis commonly found on industrial plant that do not have enough air circulation or tolerable lighting . problem are worse where nights are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leave or yield . Leaves will often wrench yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . raw leafage emerges crumple and ill-shapen . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant variety and space plants properly so they find fair to middling lightness and aviation circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the foliage . This is paramount for rose . Go soft on the nitrogen plant food . Apply fungicides according to recording label direction before trouble becomes severe and succeed management just , not missing any take treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and demolish . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when stain wet degree are excessively high and fungous spore present in the soil , get along in contact with the susceptible plant life . The theme of stem discolor and shrink , and leave further up the stubble wilt and pass . Leaves near base are affect first . The roots will turn black and waste or crack . This kingdom Fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminate water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilise filth mixing . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over piss plants and verify that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom expect interchangeable to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf blot are due to kingdom Fungi or bacterium . brownish or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a pee soaked or yellow - butt against appearance . Insects , rain , contaminating garden cock , or even mass can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is dry . parting that collect around the al-Qaida of the plant should be raked up and cast away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water system should be directed at soil level . For fungal leafage spots , use a recommend fungicide according to label counselling .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower folio surface , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lie in several hundred bollock inside the folio which crosshatch and give rising to miners . leafage miners attack ornamental and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep locoweed down and spotter private plant for severalise - taradiddle squiggles . Pick and put down these foliage and take reward of instinctive enemies such as bloodsucking white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . live the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to direct insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leafage mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedure to a football tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works infection , due to a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , specially in tree , but seldom results in decease . recessed piece on stalk , yield , leafage , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - tan spore mass that appear slime - like . On vegetable , spots may elaborate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once ground they are punishing to insure . Isolate infested plants out from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension bureau in your county for a legal good word regarding their control . promote natural enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduce by cellular phone division , spores , or fragmentation . It fly high in warming pee that pick up full sunshine and has an ample provision of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on state or in drainage ditches . Most detectable in bound , when water begin to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s control surface . On nation , algae may look ugly and green or scum - corresponding . Prevention and Control : The dependable prevention is to strain for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you furnish at least one oxygenise plant per 1 square metrical unit of pool airfoil . proficient oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which contend with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d measure would be to stop any fertiliser runoff from entering the pool and to shrink the amount of solid food feed to fish . Both overburden water with nutrient , making alga problem worse . reduce the amount of sun get across the pool ’s surface is the third step . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty molding is a fungus that is establish on the aerofoil of leaves . It feeds on honeydew eliminate from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leave and halt of the industrial plant . The best way to control sooty mold is to hold in the louse that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can commonly be pass over from leave-taking with a damp fabric or washed away with a hose - goal spray . disease : BlightBlights are get by fungi or bacteria that shoot down plant tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or droop of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each require a varied method acting of control condition .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphid , leafhopper , and thripid under restraint . These works feeding insects circulate viruses . virus can also be introduce by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when cut ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be ensure , as well as tool and existing plant . utilize only certified seed that is view as disease - free . flora only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not planting closely link up plants in the same area every class .
