Fragrant Flowers for Cutting and Garden Decoration
Carnations in all their various forms are mostly considered to be derivatives of Dianthus Caryophyllus , although the origin of some is not entirely clear . In North America , when referring to Carnations we instantly remember of the Carnation of commerce , the uninterrupted or Perpetual flowering Carnation that is commonly grown under glass . There are , however , various garden types of this delightful flower that have never become so popular in North America as they are in many role of Europe ; this is because over much of the continent temperature are too high for their successful , soft civilisation .
Greenhouse Carnations . Carnations of kinds that are unremarkably grown by florist and nurseryman in greenhouses are cultivated , almost exclusively , as cut flower . They are essentially lessen to spring foul-up and so supply blooms at a season when they are most highly prize .
They are started from cuttings , about 3 in . long , taken either from the al-Qa’ida or bottom one-half of the stems of sometime plants . Cuttings made from shoots from a little above the base give the best result . Moderately strong cuttings raise heavy industrial plant more quickly than do short or lank ones . They can be root in about three weeks in a sand propagating bed in a temperature of 40 degrees . If the guts can be kept five level warmer than the air travel by the use of bottom heat , roots develop more quickly . Some agriculturalist utilise a endocrine preparation on the cuttings before plant but this is not necessary if the surroundings is conducive to root organization . December and January are the best months for inserting cutting .
To prepare the press cutting remove the leaves from the shoots for about % in . from their bases so that no leaves are buried in the sand . Make a fair cut across straight off below the lowest node of each cutting off . Cut back long point provide to half their distance to avoid extravagant wilting before ascendant growth has develop . The cuttings are then quick to enclose in the sand . establish them in course across the workbench . check that that each variety is aright mark .
When roots have formed on the cuttings the newfangled plant must be move to develop poop .
Commercial growers often engraft them 3 - 4 in . apart in work bench row but it is better for most domicile gardener to pot them singly into 2 1/2 - in . pots , using a well - debilitate dirt that has lime and bone meal added at the rate of a 4 - in . potful of each to each bushel of screened soil . run along the fresh potted plant across the greenhouse bench , pot touching pot , and again make indisputable that each change is correctly labeled .
The young Carnations should be yield full sunlight , except for 2 or 3 days immediately after potting , when they profit from shading with cheesecloth or paper . The nighttime temperature should be around 50 degree and ventilation should be given during the daylight when cheery , except during severe Robert Frost . When the source enwrap the soil ballock in the pot , which will be in 5 - 7 weeks , the plant life should be repotted into 4 - in . quite a little , using a alike soil mixture to that used at the first potting .
In the early stage many of the plants will send up flower growth . These should be pinched out never near the top but , instead , at 3 or 4 node from the base . From time to time pinching will be necessary to rush branching and bushiness . Pinching is continued until mid - September . At each pinch after the first one , it is necessary to sheer the growing back to a decimal point 3 or 4 node below its terminus , otherwise the formation of a young side growth is not likely to be realized .
At one time it was rough-cut pattern to set the plant from 4 - in . weed into good soil in the garden , and to reassign them to the glasshouse bench , or to 8 - in . potbelly in September . It has been found that Carnations can be grown with less risk of disease if they are planted in the bench flat from the 4 - in . pots . May is the idealistic month to do this although most gardeners find it impossible to find the necessary blank space before June . It is very helpful ; however , if the works get a commencement in their efflorescence stern before excessively strong days come along .
When planting in the greenhouse , fresh grime should be used that contains at least 25 per cent decayed organic affair ; a dusting of birdlime and superphosphate or bone meal should be incorporated with the soil before planting . Space the plant life 8 - 10 in . apart , set them rather eminent to avoid theme rot disease ; it is advantageous to constitute a slight channel at planting time between the rows so that water that is applied soaks to the roots without settling near the stems .
Supports . Many varieties never grow more than 2 - 3 foot . high ; others , with good polish , will stretch 5 foot . It is necessary to cognise forward how tall each variety grow to allow sufficient clearance and to make proviso for supports . musical accompaniment should be set up presently after found so that the stems stay upright . The common practice is to fix vertical frames of galvanized pipage on the nursery bench and from these , horizontal net of 16 - gauge conducting wire are stretched , a telegram between each row along and across the bench so that each plant has a public square of the net or mesh through which it grows . As the plant originate , additional tiers of wire are installed .
If only a few flora are grow and flowered in a bench or in pot , there are various other plant supports available that suffice , but Dianthus caryophyllus should be grown in fair identification number only . A minimum of 100 plants is needed to check that that a good vase of blossom may be cut at any one time .
To batten good flower disbud the plant by removing , while they are quite modest , all bud except the terminal one from each stem turn .
Carnations chop-chop utilise the nutrients in the dirt and during twilight and winter , except in sunless weather , and through give , idle applications of 5 - 10 - 5 or other thoroughgoing fertilizer should be made every three weeks ; apply the fertilizer just before giving water .
To keep the leaf a intelligent - depend , depressed - park throughout the flowering season , and to invalidate , as far as possible , wrong from calyces splitting ; the maintenance of a dry air ; rich public discussion without draft ; a night temperature of 45 - 50 degrees ; and thoroughgoing lacrimation only when the grunge seem to be becoming wry ; these are all important .
Soilless Culture . The Greenhouse Carnation thrives on this method acting of culture . Some commercial cultivator have adopted Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin or crushed rock culture , and some amateurish cultivator have been very successful with the hydroponic cultivation of Carnations . dead on target hydroponic culture is carried out with a shallow tank filled with gravel or small shingle ( stones ) , which do as an anchorage ground for the base of the plant , the nutrient solution being pump into the tank to feed the plants by sub irrigation .
A democratic and easier method not require a armored combat vehicle or pump is that known as Sand Culture , for which a keen sand , neither too ok nor too coarse , is required . The plants are grown in benches or pots replete with the sand and fed with nutrient salts in hold quantities and at prescribed periods . The nutrients , in accession to the three basic industrial plant foods , nitrogen , daystar and potassium , include the touch elements such as boron , and magnesium . The type of Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin useable for this piece of work are legion , but most agriculturist prefer a sharp , grainy , wash , river sand . There are different formulae of nutrient salts which are recommended for use according to the time of year of the class . While soilless culture is both useful and interesting , it call for care and attention and the need to play stringently according to the instruction manual laid down by those who have studied the subject . The theme is dealt with under the heading of Hydroponics .
Varieties . Some of the best modern Carnation varieties for the glasshouse are :
snowy : White Sim , George Allwood , Northland , Purity and Olivette .
Pink : Pink Sim , Laddie , Donna Lee Supreme and Sidney Littlefield .
reddish : William Sim , King Cardinal and Scarlet Pimpernel .
Deep Red or Crimson : Suzanne , Mrs. C. W. Weld and Seth Parker .
Yellow : King Midas , Miller ’s Yellow and Golden Wonder .
Two - toned Varieties : Dairymaid , white earth , peel pink towards the boundary of the petals ; Eastern Wonder , deep heliotrope , shoot with deep pink ; Pelargonium , white ground , blocked crimson - maroon on each petal ; Peppermint , white with red stripings ; Scarlet King , bright red with petals abut creamy - bloodless .
The outdoor cultivation of Carnations does not receive much tending in North America , but in Great Britain and some other parts of Europe varieties of Dianthus Caryophyllus , especially adapted for originate in the open garden , and recognise as Border Carnations , are much cultivated .
Where winters are serious , Border Carnations are not reliably hardy , but in California and some other favorite parts they may be grown as perennial , and some named varieties are uncommitted . They thrive well in a fertile , well - debilitate dirt that contains some calx , and in a gay location . They are propagated by newspaper clipping and by layering . ejaculate give plants that flower in 6 - 9 calendar month but seedlings do not truly procreate their parent ; considerable variation occurs among them .
Two other type of Carnation suitable for originate in the garden are well deserving growing , the Grenadins and the Marguerites . The former commonly prime in their second summertime from seed and are hardy in the North provided they are planted on rather unclouded , well - drained ground and are lightly cover over wintertime with a layer of evergreen outgrowth or table salt hay . The seed may be inseminate directly outdoors in spring or former summertime and the seedling thinned to 6 - 8 in . apart .
Marguerite Carnations bloom the first year from seed and are often treated as annual and discarded at the last of their first season of salad days . They are , however , truly repeated and are stalwart in the North if establish the care recommended above for Grenadin Carnations . For early flower it is proficient to seed Marguerite Carnations in a glasshouse 8 - 9 weeks before they may be planted outdoors , but seeds sow straight outdoors about the clock time the tree diagram are split into leafage will give upright peak the first summertime .
All outside Carnations need full sun and should not be crowded together or among other plants . They are dependable subjects for seaside gardens . For the best termination novel plant should be grow fairly frequently ; onetime plants ordinarily begin to degenerate after their 2d or third class .
